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fact about pakistan

swat valley

provincial capital

Peshawar derives its name from a Sanskrit word "Pushpapura", meaning the city of flowers. Peshawar’s flowers were mentioned even in Mughal Emperor Babar's memoirs.

The History

Peshawar, the great Pathan city, Hoary with age and the passage of twenty-five centuries, redolent with the smell of luscious fruit and roasted meat and tobacco smoke, placid and relaxed but pulsating with the rhythmic sound of craftsmen's hammers and horses' hooves, unhurried in its pedestrian pace and horse-carriage traffic, darkened with tall houses, narrow lanes and overhanging balconies, intimate, with its freely intermingling crowd of townsmen, tribe’s, traders and tourists - this is old Peshawar, the journey's end or at least a long halt, for those traveling up north or coming down from the Middle East or Central Asia.
The formalities of dress and manner gave way here to a free and easy style, as men encounter men with a firm hand-clasp and a straight but friendly look. Hefty handsome men in baggy trousers and long, loose shirts, wear bullet studded bandoleers across their chests or pistols at their sides as a normal part of their dress.

The fortunes of Peshawar at inextricable linked to the Khyber Pass, the eastern end of which it guards. The pass seems to have been little used in prehistoric times, and even in early historic times it was generally shunned as too narrow and thus too prone to ambush. Not until the powerful Kushans invaded Gandhara and pacified the area in the first century AD did the Khyber become a popular trade route.

Peshawar owes its founding 2,000 years ago to those same Kushans. In the second century AD, Kanishka, the greatest of the Kushan kings, moved his winter capital here from Pushkalavati, 30 kilometers (20 miles) to the north. His summer capital was north of Kabul at Kapisa, and the Kushans moved freely back and forth through the Khyber Pass between the two cities, from which they ruled their enormous and prosperous empire for the next 400 years.

After the Kushan era, Peshawar declined into an obscurity not broken until the 16th century, following the Mughal emperor Babar's decision to rebuild the fort here in 1530. Sher Shah Suri, has successor (or, rather, the usurper of his son's throne), turned Peshawar's renaissance into a boom when he ran his Delhi-to-Kabul Shahi Road through the Khyber Pass. The Mughals turned Peshawar into a 'city of flowers' (one of the meanings of its name) by planting trees and laying our gardens.

In 1818, Ranjit Singh captured Peshawar for his Sikh Empire. He burned a large part of the city and felled the trees shading its many gardens for firewood. The following 30 years of Sikh rule saw the destruction of Peshawar's own Shalimar Gardens and of Baba's magnificent fort, not to mention the dwindling of the city's population by almost half.

The British caused the Sikhs and occupied Peshawar in 1849, but as much as Sikh rule had been hated, its British replacement aroused little enthusiasm. More or less continuous warfare between the British and the Pathans necessitated a huge British garrison. The British built a paved road through the Khyber Pass, they also built numerous forts and pickets to guard it.

colors of pakistan

Hill Stations Mountains Valleys // Accessible From // Altitude(Approx)(In Metrs)
Ayubia // Islamabad // 2,400
Thandiani // Abbottabad // 2,500
Kaghan Valley // Balakot // 2,134
Swat Valley // Peshawar/Islamabad // 900-2,100
Hunza Valley // Peshawar/Islamabad // 2,440
Gilgit Valley // Peshawar/Islamabad // 1,454
Chitral Valley // Chitral Valley // 1,440
Skardu // Peshawar/Islamabad // 2,450
Treks in Pakistan
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Treks
Recommended

Treks in Baltistan:


BALTORO – GONDOKODRO – HUSHE:
Concordia, K-2 B.C. Gasherbrum B.C & return by the same route, or cross Gondokoro or Vigne Pass, K-7 B.C. Hushe, Skardu or vice Versa.
Restricted Zone
BALTORO - MASHERBRUM PASS- HUSHE:
Skardu, Askole, Concordia, K-2 B.C. Gasherbrum B.C Masherbrum Pass K-7 B.C. Hushe, Skardu or Vice Versa.
Restricted Zone
PANMAH GLACIER - SIN PASS: Skardu, Panmah Glacier, Chiring Glacier, Drenming Glacier, Nobande Sobande Glacier,Simgeng Glacier, Chaktoi Glacier, Sim Pass, Simgang, Glacier, Snow Lake & down to Askole via Biafo Glacier or to Nagar via Hispar Glacier or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
HISPAR PASS: Skardu Askole, Biafo Glacier, Snow Lake, Hispar pass, Hispar Glacier, Nagar, Gilgit or vice versa
Open Zone
LUKPO PASS: Skardu, Askole, Biafo Glacier, snow Lake, Simgang Glacier, Lukpo Pass, Braldu, Glacier, Shimshal Pass ,Shimshal village pass, Gilgit or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
SOKH PASS: Skardu, Askole, Biafo Glacier, Snow Lake, Sokh La, Sokh Glacier, Sosbun Glacier, Hikmul Pass, Hoh Lungma Glacier, Arandu, Skardu or vice versa
Open Zone
HARAMOSH PASS: Skardu, Arandu, Chogo Lungma Glacier, Haramosh La, Dache, Sassi, Gilgit or Skardu or vice versa
Open Zone
STAR PASS: Skardu, Stak, Stak Pass, Ganto Pass Arandu, Chogo Lungma Glacier, Haramosh Pass, Sassi, Skardu or Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
SOSBUN VALLEY: Skardu, Chakpong, Ho, Sosbun B.C. Sosbun Brakk B.C, Hoh Lungma Glacier, Hikmul Pass, Doko, Skardu or vice versa.
Open Zone
SKORO PASS: Skardu, Askole, Skoro Pass, Shigar, Skardu or vice versa.
Open Zone
THALLE PASS: Skardu, Shigar, Thalle Pass, Bukma, Doghani to Hushe or Skardu or vice versa.
Open Zone
HUSHE VALLEY: Skardu, Hushe, Masherbrum B.C, Shaicho, Gondokoro B.C, K-7 B.C, Hushe, Skardu, vice versa
Restricted Zone
HUSHE – ALING: Skardu, hushu, Aling Glacier & back to Hushe via same route.
Open Zone
ACROSS DEOSAI: Skardu, Deosai Plateau, Chilim, Astore, Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
TREKS IN DIAMIR

AROUND NANGA PARBAT: Gilgit Astore, Mazeno Pass, either to Chilas via Diamer or Kachal Pass. Fairy Meadows, Railkot or Astore via Nameless Pass, Chilas or vice versa.
Open Zone
FAIRY MEADOWS: Chilas, Fairy Meadows, Nanga Parbat Base Camp, Jillipur Pass Chilas.
Open Zone
ACROSS DEOSAI: Gilgit, Astore, Chillim, Deosai plateau, Skardu, or vice versa.
Open Zone
TREKS IN GILGIT & HUNZA

RAKAPOSHI BASE CAMP: Gilgit Jaglot, Shalter Pass, Milt, Minapin Glacier, Miachar, Toshot, Nagar, Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
BATURA GLACIER: Gilgit, Gulmit, Borit Lake, Patundas, Yashpirit, Shelmin, Lupdor & Returm via left side of the Batura Glacier to Passu, Gilgit or vice versa.
GILGIT HASSANABAD: Gilgit Hassanabad, Muchuhar Glacier, Shendar Glacier, back to the Batoqsha Glacier, Hassanabad, Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
KARUN PASS: Gilgit, Passu, Dut, Karun Pass, Boiber, Morkhun, Karakorm Highway & back to Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
CHAPURSAN BATURA: Gilgit, Sost, Yashkuk by Jeep & then by foot to Kukijerab Glacier & across Lupghar Pass & down to Raminji or cross 5200 Meters Pass & down to Lupgar & down to the Batura Glacier to Passu or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
BARPU GlACIER: Gilgit, Hunza, Hopper, across Bualbar, Glacier up the Barpu Glacier ascend to Rash Lake, Girgindal, golden Peak Base Camp, return by left sidde of the Barpu Glacier to Hopper & to gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
SHIMSAL VALLEY: Gilgit, Hunza, Sost, Chillinji pass, Ishkomen, Gilgit or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
SHIMSAL VALLEY: Gilgit, Passu, Shimshal Yazghil, Glacier, Khurdopin Glacier, Virjerab Glacier & return to Gilgit by the same route.
Open Zone
SHIMSAL – CHAPCHINGAL PASS: Gilgit, Passu, Shimshal, Boesam Pir Pass, Mundi Kushlag, Chapehingal Pass, Karakoram Highway, Gilgit or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
SHIMSHAL PA’SS: Gilgit, Passu, Shimshal, Shimshal Pass, Yazghil Glacier, Virjerab Glacier, Shimshal Pass, shuijerab, Shimshal Village, Passu & return to Gilgit.
Open Zone
KARUN PASS: Gilgit, Passu, Karun Pass, Beihar, Merkhun, Sust, Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
SHIMSHAL – BRALDU GLACIER – SNOW LAKE: Gilgit, Passu, Shimshal village, Shuijerab, Braldu Glacier, Lukpo-La, Snow Lake & to Nagar Via Hispar La & Shispar Glacier or to Askele & Skardu via Biafo Glacier or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
NALTAR PASS: Gilgit, Cither Nomal, Naltar Pass or Sher Qila, Naltar, Naltar Pass, down to either Chaterkhand or to Pakhera, to lmit, down to Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
DAINTER PASS: Gilgit, Nomal, Naltar, Dinter Pass, Bar, Kukuar Glacier & Baltar Glacier, Chalt to Gilgit or Chaprot, Pass, Naltar, gilgit or Vice versa.
Open Zone
THUI PASS: Gilgit, Yasin, Nialthi, Thui Pass, Gazin, Mastuj, Chitral or vice versa.
Open Zone
NAZBAR PASS: Gilgit, Yasin, Nazbar Pass, Zagar Pass, Shandur Pass, Mustuj, Chitral or Vice Versa.
Open Zone
DADAR ALI PASS: Gilgit, Phander, Handrap, Dadarail Pass, Kalam, Swat, or vice versa. Or same upto & continue to Swat via, Bashkaro Pass & Kalam or vice versa.
Open Zone
ASUMSAR & ISHKOMAN PASSESS: Gilgit, Chatorkhand, Asumbar Pass, Sandi, Darkot, Ishkoman Pass, Ishkoman, Gilgit, or vice versa.
Open Zone
ISHKOMAN & DARKUT PASSESS: Gilgit, Ishkoman, Ishkoman Pass, Darkot, Darkot Pass, Baroghil to Mastuj & Back to Gilgit or Chital.
Restricted Zone
NAZVAR PASS: Gilgit, Yasin Nazbar Pass, Zagar Pass, Chamarkhan Pass, Harchin Pass, Harchin & Chitral or gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
HARAMOSH PASS: Gilgit, Jaglot, Sassi, Dasan, Haramosh Pass, Arandu, Skardu or vice versa.
Open Zone
HARAMOSH – RAKAN PASS - BAGROT: Gilgit Sassi, Rakan Pass, Farphu, Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
TREKS IN CHITRAL VALLEY

GARAM CHASHMA – AGRAM PASS: Chitral, Restricted Mizhinagram, Ovirdeh, Agram Pass, Gohar, Lutkuh, Chitral or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
MAEDAKLASHT – PHAGRAM PASS: Chitral, Madaklasht, Gelon Velley, Phagram Pass, Laspur, Chitral or vice versa.
Open Zone
KALASH – CHAMBOL PASS: Chitral, Berir, Chambol Pass, bomboret, Kalashgzram, Rambur, Balangum, Bakmak, Chitral or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
KHOT PASS: Chitral, Turkhow, Khot Pass, Ochall, Ishkarwaz, Karambar Pass, Ishkoman Valley, Gilgit or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
THUI PASS: Chitral, Turkhow, Khot Pass, Ochall, Ishkarwaz, Karambar Pass, Ishkoman Valley, Gilgit or vice versa.
Open Zone
KACHIKANI PASS: Chitral, Mastuj, Kachikanj Pass, Kalam, Swat or vice versa.
Open Zone
OVIR PASS: Chitral, Shahbronz Ovir Pass, Kiyar, Chitral or vice versa.
Open Zone
KALASH – RUMBUR: Chitral, Birmoglast, Utak Pass, Bashagalin, Rumbur, Bomboret or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
DADRALI PASS: Chitral, Mstuj, Andrap Lake, Dadrali Pass, Kalam, Swat or vice versa.
Open Zone
ZANI PASS: Chitral Zani Pass, Shagram, Atrak, Babu Camp, Ziwar Gol, Burzun, Chitral or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
TURKHOW Valley: Chitral, Burzun, Ziwar, Shal, Uzhnu, Chikar Pass, Wakhikan Gumba, Kotgaz, Noghor Zom, Rua, Chitral or vice versa.
Restricted Zone
SHAH JUNALI – CHILLUI PASS: Chitral, Rua, Shah Junali, Lasht, Ishkarwarz, Karambar Pass, Chilinji Pass, Chapursan Valley, Gilgit & vice versa.
Restricted Zone
CHUMURKAM: Chitral, mastuj, Chumarkan, Nazbar pass, yasin, ishkoman, gilgit or vice versa Open Zone
ZINDIGRAM PASS TREK: Chitral, Shah Junali, Paur, Gazin, Lasht, Kishmanja, Ishkarwaz to Darkot Pass or Karambar Pass, Zindikharam Pass, Ishkoman, Gilgit
Restricted Zone
ARKARI TREK: Chitral, Shugur Blyasan, Babu Camp, Arkari, Garam Chashma, Shahgram, Chitral Or vice versa Restricted zone
DARKOT PASS: Chitral, Mastuj, Lasht, Darkut Pass, Ishkoman Gilgit or vice versa
Restricted zone 56
CHILINJI TREK: Chitral, Mastuj, Ishkarwarz, karambar Pass, Chilinji Pass, Chapursan Valley, Gilgit or vice versa.
Restricted zone57
TIRICH VALLEY: Chitral-Shahgram, Shugur Biyasan, Lower Tirich Glacier, Upper Tirich Glacier and back by the same route
Restricted zone

beauty of pakistan

northren areas